GOOD QUALITY OF LIFE AFTER MORE THAN A DECADE OF LIVING DONOR LIVER TRANSPLANTATION.

BACKGROUND: Receptors of living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) have higher rate of postoperative biliary and vascular complications that may reduce posttransplant quality of life (QOL) due to the need of invasive and repetitive treatments. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study is to assess the various aspects of QOL of receptors undergoing LDLT after 10 years of transplantation and to identify potential factors that might be associated with impaired QOL. METHODS: Data of all patients with more than 10 years of LDLT were retrospectively evaluated. Patients were interviewed through a quality of life questionnaire (SF-36). RESULTS: From a total of 440 LT performed in 17 years (from September 1991 through December 2008), 78 patients underwent LDLT, of which 27 were alive and 25 answered completely the questionnaire. There were 17 (68%) men and 8 (32%) women, with a mean age of 38.6±18.5 years at the time of transplantation and mean follow up time of 15.1±1.9 years. The average MELD was 16.4±4.9 and the main indication for LT was hepatic cirrhosis caused by hepatitis B virus (32%). When compared to the general po-pulation, LDLT patients had lower mental health score (66.4 vs 74.5, P=0.0093) and higher vitality score (87.8 vs 71.9, P<0.001), functional aspects (94.6 vs 75.5, P=0.002), social aspects (93 vs 83.9, P=0.005), physical aspects (92 vs 77.5, P=0.006), and emotional aspects (97.33 vs 81.7, P<0.001). General health status (73.28 vs 70.2, P=0.074) and pain (78.72 vs 76.7, P=0.672) scores were similar in both groups. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that the various aspects LDLT recipients' QOF are similar to those of the general population more than a decade after the transplant, except for the mental health domain which is lower.

Boa qualidade de vida após mais de uma década de transplante hepático inter-vivos / Good quality of life after more than a decade of living donor liver transplantation

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Receptors of living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) have higher rate of postoperative biliary and vascular complications that may reduce posttransplant quality of life (QOL) due to the need of invasive and repetitive treatments. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study is to assess the various aspects of QOL of receptors undergoing LDLT after 10 years of transplantation and to identify potential factors that might be associated with impaired QOL. METHODS: Data of all patients with more than 10 years of LDLT were retrospectively evaluated. Patients were interviewed through a quality of life questionnaire (SF-36). RESULTS: From a total of 440 LT performed in 17 years (from September 1991 through December 2008), 78 patients underwent LDLT, of which 27 were alive and 25 answered completely the questionnaire. There were 17 (68%) men and 8 (32%) women, with a mean age of 38.6±18.5 years at the time of transplantation and mean follow up time of 15.1±1.9 years. The average MELD was 16.4±4.9 and the main indication for LT was hepatic cirrhosis caused by hepatitis B virus (32%). When compared to the general po­pulation, LDLT patients had lower mental health score (66.4 vs 74.5, P=0.0093) and higher vitality score (87.8 vs 71.9, P<0.001), functional aspects (94.6 vs 75.5, P=0.002), social aspects (93 vs 83.9, P=0.005), physical aspects (92 vs 77.5, P=0.006), and emotional aspects (97.33 vs 81.7, P<0.001). General health status (73.28 vs 70.2, P=0.074) and pain (78.72 vs 76.7, P=0.672) scores were similar in both groups. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that the various aspects LDLT recipients' QOF are similar to those of the general population more than a decade after the transplant, except for the mental health domain which is lower.

RESUMO CONTEXTO: Receptores de transplante hepático inter-vivo (THIV) apresentam elevada taxa de complicações biliares e vasculares pós-operatórias que podem reduzir a qualidade de vida (QV) devido à necessidade de tratamentos invasivos e repetitivos. OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar os vários aspectos da qualidade de vida dos pacientes submetidos a THIV após 10 anos de transplante e identificar possíveis fatores que possam estar associados à diminuição da QV. MÉTODOS: Os dados de todos os pacientes com mais de 10 anos de THIV foram avaliados retrospectivamente. Os pacientes foram entrevistados por meio de um questionário de qualidade de vida (SF-36). RESULTADOS: Do total de 440 transplantes hepáticos realizados em 17 anos (setembro de 1991 a dezembro de 2008), 78 pacientes foram submetidos a THIV, dos quais 27 estavam vivos e 25 responderam completamente ao questionário. Destes, 17 (68%) homens e 8 (32%) mulheres, com idade média de 38,6±18,5 anos no momento do transplante e tempo médio de acompanhamento de 15,1±1,9 anos. O MELD médio foi de 16,4±4,9 e a principal indicação para o transplante hepático foi cirrose hepática causada pelo vírus da hepatite B, 32%. Quando comparado com a população geral, os pacientes submetidos a THIV apresentaram menor escore de saúde mental (66,4 vs 74,5; P=0,0093) e escores mais altos de vitalidade (87,8 vs 71,9; P<0,001), aspectos funcionais (94,6 vs 75,5; P=0,002), aspectos sociais (93 vs 83,9; P=0,005), aspectos físicos (92 vs 77,5; P=0,006), e aspectos emocionais (97,33 vs 81,7; P<0,001). Os escores do estado geral de saúde (73,28 vs 70,2; P=0,074) e de dor (78,72 vs 76,7; P=0,672) eram similares nos dois grupos. CONCLUSÃO: Conclui-se que os vários aspectos da QV dos receptores de transplante hepático inter-vivo são semelhantes aos da população geral mais de uma década após o transplante, exceto o domínio da saúde mental que é menor.

Quality of Life after 10 Years of Liver Transplantation.

AIM: This study goal was to evaluate the long-term quality of life of patients who underwent cadaveric liver transplants (CLT) in two Brazilian hospitals. METHODS: Medical records of all patients who underwent CLT and survived over 10 years were revised. The international validated questionnaire Short-Form 36 was employed to assess the quality of life. Patients data were obtained from electronic medical records and study protocols. RESULTS: A total of 342 patients underwent CLT, of which 129 were alive and 93 fully answered the questionnaire and were included in the study. The group consisted of 62 men (66.6%) and 31 women (33.4%), with average age of 40.1±15.9 years. Follow-up time was 16±4.1 years. The most common indication of CLT was hepatic cirrhosis caused by hepatitis C virus, 24.7%. Transplanted patients had lower scores than the general population in mental health [62.9 (95%CI: 60.1-65.7,) vs. 74.5, p < 0.001]. In all other domains, transplanted patients had similar (emotional aspect limitiation, pain, and general health status) or superior (physical aspect limitation, social aspects, functional capacity, and vitality) scores than the general population. Functional capacity score was lower in patients with long-term complications, who were aged more than 50-years, and unemployed. CONCLUSIONS: The quality of life in patients with more than 10 years after CLT was similar or superior than the general population, except for the mental health domain.

Prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in women with polycystic ovary syndrome and its correlation with metabolic syndrome.

BACKGROUND: The polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders in women at childbearing age. Metabolic syndrome is present from 28% to 46% of patients with PCOS. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered the hepatic expression of metabolic syndrome. There are few published studies that correlate PCOS and NAFLD. OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of NAFLD and metabolic syndrome in patients with PCOS, and to verify if there is a correlation between NAFLD and metabolic syndrome in this population. METHODS: Study developed at Gynecology Department of Clinical Hospital of Federal University of Parana (UFPR). The sessions were conducted from April 2008 to January 2009. One hundred and thirty-one patients joined the analysis; 101 were diagnosed with PCOS and 30 formed the control group. We subdivided the PCOS patients into two subgroups: PCOS+NAFLD and PCOS. All the patients were submitted to hepatic sonography. For hepatoestheatosis screening, hepatic ecotexture was compared do spleen's. For diagnosis of metabolic syndrome, we adopted the National Cholesterol Education Program/Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP/ATP III) criteria, as well as the criteria proposed by International Diabetes Federation. Statistical analysis were performed with t of student and U of Mann-Whitney test for means and chi square for proportions. RESULTS: At PCOS group, NAFLD was present in 23.8% of the population. At control group, it represented 3.3%, with statistical significance (P=0.01). Metabolic syndrome, by NCEP/ATP III criteria, was diagnosed in 32.7% of the women with PCOS and in 26.6% of the women at control group (no statistical difference, P=0.5). At PCOS+DHGNA subgroup, age, weight, BMI, abdominal circumference and glucose tolerance test results were higher when compared to PCOS group (P<0.01). Metabolic syndrome by NCEP/ATPIII criteria was present in 75% and by International Diabetes Federation criteria in 95.8% of women with PCOS+NAFLD with P<0.01. Insulin levels at SOP+DHGNA were higher than at PCOS group with P<0.01. CONCLUSION: Almost 25% of the patients with PCOS were diagnosed for NAFLD. Metabolic syndrome was present between 32.7% and 44.6% of patients with PCOS. At subgroup PCOS+NAFLD, metabolic syndrome is highly prevalent. These patients are more obese, with higher BMI and higher glucose levels.

The influence of end-stage liver disease and liver transplantation on thyroid hormones.

BACKGROUND: Thyroid dysfunction has been reported in most chronic illnesses including severe liver disease. These defects in thyroid hormone metabolism result in the sick euthyroid syndrome, also known as low T3 syndrome. OBJECTIVES: Our objective was to evaluate the thyroid function in patients with end stage liver disease prior and after deceased donor liver transplantation and to correlate thyroid hormonal changes with the MELD score (Model for End stage Liver Disease). METHODS: In a prospective study, serum levels of thyrotropin (thyroid stimulating hormone TSH), total thyroxine (tT4), free thyroxine (fT4) and triiodothyronine (T3) from 30 male adult patients with end stage liver disease were measured two to four hours before and 6 months after liver transplantation (LT). MELD was determined on the day of transplant. For this analysis, extra points were not added for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. RESULTS: The patients had normal TSH and fT4 levels before LT and there was no change after the procedure. Total thyroxine and triiodothyronine were within the normal range before LT, except for four patients (13.3%) whose values were lower. Both hormones increased to normal values in all four patients after LT (P=0.02 and P<0.001, respectively). When the patients were divided into two groups (MELD <18 and MELD >18), it was observed that there was no change in the TSH, freeT4, and total T4 levels in both groups after LT. Although there was no significant variation in the level of T3 in MELD <18 group (P=0.055), there was an increase in the MELD >18 group after LT (P=0.003). CONCLUSION: Patients with end stage liver disease subjected to liver transplantation had normal TSH and fT4 levels before and after LT. In a few patients with lower tT4 and T3 levels before LT, the level of these hormones increased to normal after LT.

Prevalence of nnn-alcoholic fatty liver diseasein women with polycystic ovary syndrome and its correlation with metabolic syndrome / Prevalência de doença hepática gordurosa não alcoólica em pacientes com síndrome dos ovários policísticos e sua correlação com síndrome metabólica

Background The polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders in women at childbearing age. Metabolic syndrome is present from 28% to 46% of patients with PCOS. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered the hepatic expression of metabolic syndrome. There are few published studies that correlate PCOS and NAFLD. Objective To determine the prevalence of NAFLD and metabolic syndrome in patients with PCOS, and to verify if there is a correlation between NAFLD and metabolic syndrome in this population. Methods Study developed at Gynecology Department of Clinical Hospital of Federal University of Parana (UFPR). The sessions were conducted from April 2008 to January 2009. One hundred and thirty-one patients joined the analysis; 101 were diagnosed with PCOS and 30 formed the control group. We subdivided the PCOS patients into two subgroups: PCOS+NAFLD and PCOS. All the patients were submitted to hepatic sonography. For hepatoestheatosis screening, hepatic ecotexture was compared do spleen’s. For diagnosis of metabolic syndrome, we adopted the National Cholesterol Education Program/Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP/ATP III) criteria, as well as the criteria proposed by International Diabetes Federation. Statistical analysis were performed with t of student and U of Mann-Whitney test for means and chi square for proportions. Results At PCOS group, NAFLD was present in 23.8% of the population. At control group, it represented 3.3%, with statistical significance (P=0.01). Metabolic syndrome, by NCEP/ATP III criteria, was diagnosed in 32.7% of the women with PCOS and in 26.6% of the women at control group (no statistical difference, P=0.5). At PCOS+DHGNA subgroup, age, weight, BMI, abdominal circumference and glucose tolerance test results were higher when compared to PCOS group (P<0.01). Metabolic syndrome by NCEP/ATPIII criteria was present in 75% and by International Diabetes Federation criteria ...

Contexto A síndrome dos ovários policísticos (SOP) é um dos distúrbios endócrinos mais comuns nas mulheres na idade fértil. A síndrome metabólica está presente em 28% a 46% das pacientes com SOP. A doença hepática gordurosa não alcoólica (DHGNA) é considerada a expressão hepática da síndrome metabólica. Existem poucos estudos publicados da associação SOP e DHGNA. Objetivos Determinar a prevalência de DHGNA e síndrome metabólica em portadoras de SOP, verificar se existe correlação entre a ocorrência de DHGNA e síndrome metabólica nessa população. Métodos Estudo realizado no Ambulatório de Ginecologia do Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Federal do Paraná. O período de estudo foi de abril 2008 a janeiro de 2009. Participaram da análise 131 pacientes, sendo 101 com SOP e 30 controles. Subdividimos as pacientes com SOP em dois subgrupos: SOP+DHGNA e SOP. Todas foram submetidas a exame ultrassonográfico do fígado. Para rastreamento da esteatose hepática, a ecotextura do parênquima hepático foi comparada com a do baço. Para do diagnóstico da síndrome metabólica foram adotados os critérios propostos pelo National Cholesterol Education Program/Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP/ATP III) e do International Diabetes Federation. A análise estatística foi feita com teste t de student e U de Mann-Whitney para medias e qui-quadrado para proporções. Resultados No grupo com SOP, a DHGNA esteve presente em 23,8% da população. No grupo controle, isso ocorreu em 3,3%, com diferença estatística (P=0,01). A síndrome metabólica pelos critérios NCEP/ATP III, esteve presente em 32,7% no grupo SOP e 26,6% no grupo controle (sem diferença estatística P=0,5). No subgrupo SOP+DHGNA, a idade, o peso, IMC, circunferência abdominal e teste de tolerância à glicose foram maiores quando comparados ao grupo SOP (P<0,01). A síndrome metabólica pelo critério NCEP/ATPIII esteve presente em 75% e pelo International Diabetes Federation em 95,8% no grupo SOP+DHGNA com P<0,01. ...

The influence o end-stage liver disease and liver transplantation on thyroid hormoess / Avaliação do impacto da cirrose e do transplante hepático na função tireoidiana

Background Thyroid dysfunction has been reported in most chronic illnesses including severe liver disease. These defects in thyroid hormone metabolism result in the sick euthyroid syndrome, also known as low T3 syndrome. Objectives Our objective was to evaluate the thyroid function in patients with end stage liver disease prior and after deceased donor liver transplantation and to correlate thyroid hormonal changes with the MELD score (Model for End stage Liver Disease). Methods In a prospective study, serum levels of thyrotropin (thyroid stimulating hormone TSH), total thyroxine (tT4), free thyroxine (fT4) and triiodothyronine (T3) from 30 male adult patients with end stage liver disease were measured two to four hours before and 6 months after liver transplantation (LT). MELD was determined on the day of transplant. For this analysis, extra points were not added for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Results The patients had normal TSH and fT4 levels before LT and there was no change after the procedure. Total thyroxine and triiodothyronine were within the normal range before LT, except for four patients (13.3%) whose values were lower. Both hormones increased to normal values in all four patients after LT (P=0.02 and P<0.001, respectively). When the patients were divided into two groups (MELD <18 and MELD >18), it was observed that there was no change in the TSH, freeT4, and total T4 levels in both groups after LT. Although there was no significant variation in the level of T3 in MELD <18 group (P=0.055), there was an increase in the MELD >18 group after LT (P=0.003). Conclusion Patients with end stage liver disease subjected to liver transplantation had normal TSH and fT4 levels before and after LT. In a few patients with lower tT4 and T3 levels before LT, the level of these hormones increased to normal after LT. .

Contexto A disfunção tireoidiana tem sido relatada em associação com a maioria das doenças crônicas, incluindo a doença hepática terminal. Estes defeitos no metabolismo dos hormônios tireoidianos resultam na síndrome do doente eutireoideo ou, também conhecida como síndrome do T3 baixo. Objetivos Avaliar a função tireoidiana em pacientes com doença hepática avançada, antes e depois de serem submetidos ao transplante hepático cadavérico (THC) e, correlacionar as alterações hormonais da tireóide com o MELD. Métodos Em um estudo prospectivo, os níveis séricos de tireotropina (hormônio estimulante da tireóide TSH), tiroxina total (T4 total), tiroxina livre (T4 livre) e triiodotironina (T3) de 30 pacientes adultos do sexo masculino com doença hepática terminal foram dosados 2 e 4 horas antes e 6 meses após o THC. O valor do MELD foi determinado no dia do procedimento. Para esta análise, os pontos extras não foram adicionados para os pacientes com carcinoma hepatocelular. Resultados Os pacientes apresentaram níveis de TSH e T4 livre normais antes do THC e não houve nenhuma alteração após o procedimento. As dosagens de T4 total e T3 no início do estudo estavam dentro da faixa normal, exceto por quatro pacientes (13,3%), os quais apresentavam valores abaixo da referência. Ambos os hormônios apresentaram um aumento 6 meses após o THC (P=0,02 e P<0,001, respectivamente). Quando os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos (MELD <18 e MELD >18) não observamos diferença nos níveis de TSH, T4 total e T4 livre entre os grupos após THC. Apesar de não haver variação nos níveis de T3 no grupo com MELD <18 (P=0,055), houve um aumento no grupo MELD >18 após THC (P=0,003). Conclusão Os pacientes com cirrose hepática submetidos a transplante hepático tinham valores normais de TSH e T4 livre antes e após o THC. Nos poucos pacientes que apresentavam valores baixos de T4 total e T3 antes do THC, houve normalização destes hormônios após o THC. .

Change in platelet count in patients with hypersplenism subjected to liver transplantation.

CONTEXT: Most patients subjected to liver transplantation presents hypersplenism, which is reversed after the operation. However, some patients remain with moderate to intense hypersplenism. OBJECTIVES: To study the effect of liver transplantation on platelet count in patients with hypersplenism. METHOD: Of a total of 233 patients who underwent liver transplantation, 162 were excluded from the present study because of occurrence of steroid-resistant rejection, absence of hypersplenism before the transplantation, absence of follow-up for at least 2 years or incomplete exams data. The electronic study protocols of the remaining 71 patients were reviewed to determine the demographics, etiology of cirrhosis, and results of pathologic examination of the explanted liver. Serial platelet count was obtained from the study protocol on the day before liver transplantation and 1, 2, 4, and 6 months and 1 year after liver transplantation. Statistical analysis was performed using the Student's t-test, chi-square test, and Spearman's correlation test. RESULTS: Posttransplant platelet count at all time intervals was significantly higher than the pretransplant value (P<0.001 for all time intervals). Thrombocytopenia was reversed (platelet count >100,000/mm(3)) in 58 patients (81.7%) 1 month after liver transplantation. Twelve patients (16.9%) remained with thrombocytopenia 1 year after liver transplantation. Three patients (4.2%) had recurrence of thrombocytopenia within 1 year after liver transplantation. There was no correlation between pretransplant platelet count and the Child-Pugh class or the MELD score. CONCLUSION: Liver transplantation reverses hypersplenism in most patients.

Change in platelet count in patients with hypersplenism subjected to liver transplantation / Modificação no número de plaquetas de pacientes com hiperesplenismo submetidos a transplante hepático

CONTEXT: Most patients subjected to liver transplantation presents hypersplenism, which is reversed after the operation. However, some patients remain with moderate to intense hypersplenism. OBJECTIVES: To study the effect of liver transplantation on platelet count in patients with hypersplenism. METHOD: Of a total of 233 patients who underwent liver transplantation, 162 were excluded from the present study because of occurrence of steroid-resistant rejection, absence of hypersplenism before the transplantation, absence of follow-up for at least 2 years or incomplete exams data. The electronic study protocols of the remaining 71 patients were reviewed to determine the demographics, etiology of cirrhosis, and results of pathologic examination of the explanted liver. Serial platelet count was obtained from the study protocol on the day before liver transplantation and 1, 2, 4, and 6 months and 1 year after liver transplantation. Statistical analysis was performed using the Student's t-test, chi-square test, and Spearman's correlation test. RESULTS: Posttransplant platelet count at all time intervals was significantly higher than the pretransplant value (P<0.001 for all time intervals). Thrombocytopenia was reversed (platelet count >100,000/mm³) in 58 patients (81.7 percent) 1 month after liver transplantation. Twelve patients (16.9 percent) remained with thrombocytopenia 1 year after liver transplantation. Three patients (4.2 percent) had recurrence of thrombocytopenia within 1 year after liver transplantation. There was no correlation between pretransplant platelet count and the Child-Pugh class or the MELD score. CONCLUSION: Liver transplantation reverses hypersplenism in most patients.

CONTEXTO: A maioria dos pacientes submetidos a transplante hepático apresenta hiperesplenismo, que é revertido após a operação. Entretanto, alguns pacientes permanecem com hiperesplenismo moderado a intenso. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o efeito do transplante hepático na contagem de plaquetas de pacientes com hiperesplenismo. MÉTODOS: De um total de 233 pacientes que foram submetidos a transplante hepático, 162 foram excluídos do presente estudo devido à ocorrência de rejeição resistente a corticóide, ausência de hiperesplenismo antes do transplante, ausência de seguimento pós-transplante por pelos menos 2 anos ou dados de exames incompletos. O protocolo eletrônico de estudo dos demais 71 pacientes foi revisado para determinar os aspectos demográficos, a etiologia da cirrose e o resultado do exame patológico do fígado explantado. Contagem seriada de plaquetas foi obtida do protocolo de estudo no dia antes do transplante e 1, 2, 4 e 6 meses e 1 ano após o transplante. Análise estatística foi realizada empregando o teste t de Student, o teste qui ao quadrado e o teste de correlação de Spearman. RESULTADOS: A contagem de plaquetas pós-transplante em todos os intervalos de tempo foi significantemente maior que os valores pré-transplantes (P<0,001 para rodos os intervalos de tempo). Trombocitopenia foi revertida (contagem de plaquetas >100.000/mm³) em 58 pacientes (81,7 por cento) 1 mês após o transplante. Doze pacientes (16,9 por cento) permaneceram com trombocitopenia 1 ano após o transplante. Três pacientes (4,2 por cento) tiveram recurrência da trombocitopenia dentro de 1 ano após o transplante. Não houve correlação entre a contagem de plaquetas pré-transplante e a classe de Child-Pugh e o escore de MELD. CONCLUSÃO: O transplante hepático reverte o hiperesplenismo na maioria dos pacientes.

The impact of the model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) on liver transplantation in one center in Brazil.

CONTEXT: Presently the MELD score is used as the waiting list criterion for liver transplantation in Brazil. In this method more critical patients are considered priority to transplantation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the results of liver transplantation when the chronologic waiting list was the criterion for organ allocation (pre-MELD era) with MELD score period (MELD era) in one liver transplantation unit in Brazil. METHODS: The charts of the patients subjected to liver transplantation at the Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil, were reviewed from January of 2001 to August of 2008. Patients were divided into two groups: pre-MELD era and MELD era. They were compared in relation to demographics of donors and receptors, etiology of cirrhosis, cold and warm ischemia time, presence of hepatocellular carcinoma, MELD score and Child-Pugh score and classification at the time of transplantation, units of red blood cells transfused during the transplantation, intensive care unit stay, total hospital stay and 3 month and 1 year survival. RESULTS: Initially, 205 liver transplantations were analyzed. Ninety four were excluded and 111 were included: 71 on the pre-MELD era and 40 on the MELD era. The two groups were comparable in relation to donors and receptors age and sex, etiology of cirrhosis and cold and warm ischemia time. The receptors of the MELD era had more hepatocellular carcinoma than those of the pre-MELD era (37.5% vs 16.9%). Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma had less advanced cirrhosis on both eras. The MELD score was the same on both eras. Excluding the cases of hepatocellular carcinoma, MELD era score was higher than pre-MELD score (18.2 vs 15.8). There were an increased number of transplants on Child-Pugh A and C and a decreased number on Child-Pugh B receptors on MELD era. Both eras had the same need of red blood cells transfusion, intensive care unit stay and hospital stay. Also, 3 month and 1 year survival were the same: 76% and 74.6% on pre-MELD era and 75% and 70.9% on MELD era. CONCLUSION: In our center, after the introduction of MELD score as the priority criterion for liver transplantation there were an increased number of transplants with hepatocellular carcinoma. Excluding these patients, the receptors were operated upon with more advanced cirrhosis. Nevertheless the patients had the same need for red blood cells transfusion, intensive care unit and hospital stay and 3 months and 1 year survival.

The impact of the model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) on liver transplantation in one center in Brazil / O impacto do MELD no transplante de fígado em um centro no Brasil

CONTEXT: Presently the MELD score is used as the waiting list criterion for liver transplantation in Brazil. In this method more critical patients are considered priority to transplantation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the results of liver transplantation when the chronologic waiting list was the criterion for organ allocation (pre-MELD era) with MELD score period (MELD era) in one liver transplantation unit in Brazil. METHODS: The charts of the patients subjected to liver transplantation at the Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil, were reviewed from January of 2001 to August of 2008. Patients were divided into two groups: pre-MELD era and MELD era. They were compared in relation to demographics of donors and receptors, etiology of cirrhosis, cold and warm ischemia time, presence of hepatocellular carcinoma, MELD score and Child-Pugh score and classification at the time of transplantation, units of red blood cells transfused during the transplantation, intensive care unit stay, total hospital stay and 3 month and 1 year survival. RESULTS: Initially, 205 liver transplantations were analyzed. Ninety four were excluded and 111 were included: 71 on the pre-MELD era and 40 on the MELD era. The two groups were comparable in relation to donors and receptors age and sex, etiology of cirrhosis and cold and warm ischemia time. The receptors of the MELD era had more hepatocellular carcinoma than those of the pre-MELD era (37.5 percent vs 16.9 percent). Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma had less advanced cirrhosis on both eras. The MELD score was the same on both eras. Excluding the cases of hepatocellular carcinoma, MELD era score was higher than pre-MELD score (18.2 vs 15.8). There were an increased number of transplants on Child-Pugh A and C and a decreased number on Child-Pugh B receptors on MELD era. Both eras had the same need of red blood cells transfusion, intensive care unit stay and hospital stay. Also, 3 month and 1 year survival were the same: 76 percent and 74.6 percent on pre-MELD era and 75 percent and 70.9 percent on MELD era. CONCLUSION: In our center, after the introduction of MELD score as the priority criterion for liver transplantation there were an increased number of transplants with hepatocellular carcinoma. Excluding these patients, the receptors were operated upon with more advanced cirrhosis. Nevertheless the patients had the same need for red blood cells transfusion, intensive care unit and hospital stay and 3 months and 1 year survival.

CONTEXTO: Atualmente o MELD é utilizado no Brasil como critério de seleção de receptores na lista de espera para transplante hepático. Esse sistema prioriza para o transplante os pacientes com cirrose hepática mais avançada. OBJETIVO: comparar os resultados do transplante hepático quando o tempo em lista de espera era o critério de alocação de órgãos (era pré-MELD) em relação ao período em que se utiliza o MELD (era MELD). MÉTODOS: Foram revisados os prontuários dos pacientes submetidos a transplante hepático no Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Federal do Paraná no período de janeiro de 2001 até agosto de 2008. Os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos: era pré-MELD e era MELD. Foram comparados em relação aos dados demográficos dos doadores e dos receptores, à etiologia da cirrose, ao tempo de isquemia morna e fria, à presença de carcinoma hepatocelular, ao escore do MELD e ao escore e à classificação de Child-Pugh no momento do transplante, às unidades de concentrado de plaquetas transfundidas durante o transplante, ao tempo de permanência na UTI, ao tempo de permanência hospitalar e à sobrevida do paciente em 3 meses e em 1 ano. RESULTADOS: Inicialmente 205 transplantes foram avaliados. Noventa e quatro foram excluídos e 111 foram incluídos: 71 na era pré-MELD e 40 na era MELD. Os dois grupos foram semelhantes em relação à idade e ao sexo dos doadores e receptores, à etiologia da cirrose e ao tempo de isquemia morna e fria. Os receptores da era MELD apresentaram maior número de pacientes com carcinoma hepatocelular em relação à era pré-MELD (37,5 por cento vs 16,9 por cento). Os doentes com carcinoma hepatocelular apresentaram cirrose hepática menos avançada em ambas as eras. O escore do MELD foi igual em ambas as eras. Excluindo aqueles com carcinoma hepatocelular, o escore foi maior na era MELD em relação à era pré-MELD (18,2 vs 15,8). Na era MELD foi observado aumento no número de transplantes realizados em pacientes com cirrose hepática classes A e C de Child-Pugh e redução nos da classe B. As duas eras apresentaram resultados iguais em relação à transfusão de hemácias e tempo de permanência na UTI e permanência hospitalar. A sobrevida em 3 meses e em 1 ano também foi igual: 76 por cento e 74,6 por cento na era pré-MELD e 75 por cento e 70,9 por cento na era MELD. CONCLUSÃO: No centro deste estudo, após a introdução do MELD como critério de seleção de receptores para transplante hepático houve incremento no número de procedimentos em doentes com carcinoma hepatocelular. Excluindo-se esses pacientes, os receptores foram operados em estágios mais avançados da cirrose. Apesar disso, apresentaram a mesma necessidade de transfusão de hemácias, permanência na UTI e permanência hospitalar, e sobrevida em 3 meses e sobrevida em 1 ano.

Tratamento local do carcinoma hepatocelular como ponte para o transplante hepático / Local therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma as a bridge to liver transplantation

OBJETIVO: Analisar os resultados da terapia local pré-operatória em pacientes portadores de carcinoma hepatocelular submetidos a transplante hepático. MÉTODOS: . Foram analisados os prontuários dos pacientes adultos submetidos a transplante hepático cadavérico e intervivos no Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Federal do Paraná no período entre janeiro de 2002 e agosto de 2007. Foram incluídos no estudo os portadores de cirrose hepática e carcinoma hepatocelular diagnosticado pelos critérios da EASL (European Association for the Study of the Liver). Foram analisados o número e o diâmetro dos nódulos neoplásicos antes e após a terapia local e na análise do explante, o número de sessões de terapia local e sua duração. Após o estabelecimento do diagnóstico de carcinoma hepatocelular os pacientes foram submetidos à terapia local com alcoolização. RESULTADOS: Foram analisados 22 pacientes portadores de 31 nódulos neoplásicos com diâmetro médio de 28,8±12 mm. Após as sessões de terapia local foram detectados 29 nódulos neoplásicos com diâmetro médio de 24,6±12 mm, sem diferença em relação ao observado antes do tratamento e todos dentro dos critérios de Milão. Foram realizados 17 transplantes cadavéricos e cinco transplantes intervivos. A análise do explante demonstrou seis casos fora dos critérios de Milão. Dezesseis casos estavam dentro dos critérios de Milão com 14 nódulos neoplásicos com diâmetro médio de 30±14 mm, sem diferença em relação ao observado no diagnóstico e após a terapia local. CONCLUSÃO: A terapia local para o carcinoma hepatocelular com alcoolização e quimioembolização permitiu o controle parcial da evolução da doença considerando-se os critérios de Milão em pacientes em lista de espera para transplante hepático. Ocorreram diferenças significativas em relação aos critérios de Milão entre os exames de imagem pré-operatórios e a análise do explante.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the results of pre-operative local therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients who were subjected to liver transplantation. METHODS: Cadaveric and living-related liver transplants done in cirrotic patients with hepatocellular carcinoma within the Milan criteria were included. The nodules were analyzed according to its number and diameter before and after the institution of the local therapy and on the explant evaluation. RESULTS: 22 patients with 31 nodules that measured 28.8±12 mm in diameter were included. They were subjected to 21 sessions of percutaneous ethanol injection and 29 sessions of transarterial chemoembolization. After the local therapy, 29 nodules that measured 24.6±12 mm in diameter were detected. All of them were within the Milan criteria and there was no difference compared to the diameter before the treatment. The patients were subjected to 17 cadaveric and 5 living-related liver transplantations. In six cases the tumors exceeded the Milan criteria on the explant evaluation: 4 due to its number and 2 due to its diameter. Sixteen cases were within the criteria and there were 14 neoplastic nodules with 30±14 mm in diameter. In these cases no difference was observed compared to the diameter before and after the local therapy. CONCLUSION: Local therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma with percutaneous ethanol injection and transarterial chemoembolization partially controlled tumor evolution considering the Milan criteria in patients waiting for liver transplantation. Significant differences were observed in terms of the Milan criteria on pre-operative examination compared to the explant evaluation.

Transplante hepático em paciente soropositivo para o HIV / Liver transplantation in an HIV positive patient

INTRODUÇÃO: Com o advento de terapia antiretroviral altamente ativa e melhoramentos para prevenir as complicações relacionadas ao HIV , o transplante hepático tem sido feito em condições selecionadas. RELATO DO CASO: Paciente infectado pelo HIV foi acometido por hepatite B, cirrose e carcinoma hepatocelular ao qual foi indicado e realizado transplante hepático. Ele estava em terapia retroviral e para hepatite B e nunca apresentou infecções oportunísticas. CONCLUSÃO: O transplante hepático pode ser realizado com sucesso em casos selecionados de paciente HIV soropositivos e que possuam doença hepática avançada.

BACKGROUND: With the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy and improved ability to prevent HIV-related complications, transplantation of HIV-infected patients has been done in selected cases. CASE REPORT: To report a case of an HIV infected patient submitted to liver transplantation due to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma secondary to hepatitis B infection. He was on antiretroviral and hepatitis B therapy and never presented opportunistic infections. CONCLUSION: Liver transplantation can be indicated in special cases of HIV positive patients with advanced hepatic disease.

[Contraception and pregnancy after liver transplantation: an update overview]. / Contracepção e gravidez após transplante hepático--uma visão atual.

CONTEXT: Successful liver transplantation not only treats the underlying liver disease but also restores libido and fertility in female recipients. Although reports of successful pregnancy after liver transplantation continue to increase, these pregnancies are considered of high-risk because they are associated with increase maternofetal morbidity. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: A MEDLINE search (1978-2007) was conducted using the terms 'liver transplantation', 'pregnancy', 'immunosuppressive agents', 'sexual function'. Reviews, retrospective series, long-term clinical follow-up of case series and original articles containing basic scientific observations were included. RESULTS: Although no formal guidelines have been established there are some 'golden rules' to improve the probability of favorable maternal and fetal outcome. Most transplant centers recommend to delay pregnancy for at least 1-year after transplantation. The recipient should be on a stable immunosuppression regimen, with good graft function and no evidence of renal dysfunction or uncontrolled arterial hypertension. Considering the increased incidence of prematurity, low birth weight, hypertension and preeclampsia reported during pregnancy post-LT, these high-risk patients should be managed by a multidisciplinary team, including an obstetrician specialized in high-risk pregnancies. Carefully monitoring of immunosuppressive drugs serum level is prudent to avoid graft rejection episodes and drugs with teratogenic potential should be discontinued. Breastfeeding is usually not recommended. CONCLUSIONS: Successful pregnancies are the rule after liver transplantation. A carefully monitoring by an experience multidisciplinary team increases the chances of favorable maternofetal outcome.

Insuficiência hepática fulminante por intermação induzida por exercício / Fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) by exercise-induced exertional heatstroke

Intermação induzida por exercício é uma condição potencialmente fatal causada pela elevação extrema da temperatura corporal central. Envolvimento hepático leve a moderado afeta todos os pacientes e manifesta-se pela elevação das enzimas hepáticas. A ocorrência de falência hepática no curso da intermação por exercício é rara e tem prognóstico reservado. Relata-se um caso de insuficiência hepática fulminante em um homem de 36 anos após correr 8km em corrida de rua (corrida rústica) na cidade de Manaus (AM). O paciente desenvolveu insuficiência renal aguda, rabdomiólise e achados compatíveis com insuficiência hepática fulminante (elevação importante das aminotransferases, coagulopatia, letargia e episódios de confusão). As funções hepáticas e renais apresentaram melhora gradual e espontânea sem necessidade de diálise. Três meses após o paciente encontrava-se bem, com enzimas hepáticas normais e com retorno gradual à prática de esportes. Embora rara, a falência hepática aguda deve ser incluída nas complicações da intermação induzida por exercício, a qual pode ter resolução espontânea com medidas conservadoras.

Exercise-induced exertional heatstroke (EHS) is a potentially fatal disorder caused by extreme elevation of the core body temperature. Mild to moderate liver involvement affects nearly all patients and it is manifested by increase of the serum liver enzymes. Liver failure occurring as a component of exertional heatstroke is rare and carries a poor prognosis. A case of acute liver failure in a healthy 36 year-old man after participation in an 8-km race in Manaus, located near the Amazon Tropical Forest in Brazil, is reported here. The patient presented renal failure, severe rhabdomyolysis and findings of fulminant hepatic failure (very high aminotransferases levels, elevated international normalized ratio (INR), lethargy and episodes of confusion). Hepatic and renal functions improved spontaneously with conservative measures and he was discharged within eight days. Three months later he was completely asymptomatic and gradually running again. Although rare, acute liver failure should be included in the complications associated with exertional heatstroke. Conservative management may be effective in some patients with this kind of acute liver failure.

Contracepção e gravidez após transplante hepático: uma visão atual / Contraception and pregnancy after liver transplantation: an update overview

CONTEXTO: O transplante hepático bem sucedido não apenas cura a doença hepática de base, mas rapidamente restaura a libido e a fertilidade nas receptoras. Apesar do número crescente de gestações bem sucedidas em mulheres transplantadas, tais gestações são consideradas de alto risco, pois associam-se a maior morbidade materno-fetal. AQUISIÇÃO DE EVIDÊNCIA: Revisão de literatura indexada no MEDLINE (1978-2007) foi realizada empregando-se os termos "transplante hepático", "gravidez", imunossupressores", "função sexual". Artigos de revisão, estudos clínicos retrospectivos, estudos clínicos de seguimento de séries de pacientes e artigos originais, contendo observações de ciência básica relevante, foram incluídos. RESULTADOS: Embora não haja padronização dos cuidados na gravidez em receptoras de transplante hepático, existem algumas "regras de ouro" para aumentar a possibilidade de evolução materno-fetal favorável. A maioria dos centros recomenda adiar a gravidez pelo menos por 1 ano após o transplante hepático, quando habitualmente a paciente se encontra com imunossupressão estabilizada e função hepática adequada, sem evidência de disfunção renal ou hipertensão arterial não controlada. Devido à frequência aumentada de prematuridade, baixo peso ao nascer, hipertensão arterial e pré-eclâmpsia, a gestação após transplante hepático é considerada de alto risco e deve ser rigorosamente monitorada por equipe multidisciplinar, incluindo obstetra com experiência em gestações de alto risco. Controle frequente dos níveis séricos dos imunossupressores é prudente para evitar rejeição do enxerto e drogas com potencial teratogênico devem ser interrompidas. Aleitamento materno não é incentivado devido à excreção das drogas imunossupressoras no leite materno. CONCLUSÕES: Gestação bem sucedida é a regra após o transplante hepático desde que sejam observados certos cuidados. Controle médico rigoroso por equipe multidisciplinar experiente aumenta as chances de...

CONTEXT: Successful liver transplantation not only treats the underlying liver disease but also restores libido and fertility in female recipients. Although reports of successful pregnancy after liver transplantation continue to increase, these pregnancies are considered of high-risk because they are associated with increase maternofetal morbidity. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: A MEDLINE search (1978-2007) was conducted using the terms "liver transplantation", "pregnancy", "immunosupressive agents", "sexual function". Reviews, retrospective series, long-term clinical follow-up of case series and original articles containing basic scientific observations were included. RESULTS: Although no formal guidelines have been established there are some "golden rules" to improve the probability of favorable maternal and fetal outcome. Most transplant centers recommend to delay pregnancy for at least 1-year after transplantation. The recipient should be on a stable immunosuppression regimen, with good graft function and no evidence of renal dysfunction or uncontrolled arterial hypertension. Considering the increased incidence of prematurity, low birth weight, hypertension and preeclampsia reported during pregnancy post-LT, these high-risk patients should be managed by a multidisciplinary team, including an obstetrician specialized in high-risk pregnancies. Carefully monitoring of immunosuppressive drugs serum level is prudent to avoid graft rejection episodes and drugs with teratogenic potential should be discontinued. Breastfeeding is usually not recommended. CONCLUSIONS: Successful pregnancies are the rule after liver transplantation. A carefully monitoring by an experience multidisciplinary team increases the chances of favorable maternofetal outcome.

Prevalência e fisiopatologia da litíase biliar em pacientes submetidos a transplante de órgãos / Prevalence and physiopathology of gallstone in transplant patients

INTRODUÇÃO: O objetivo do presente estudo é apresentar revisão da prevalência e dos principais mecanismos fisiopatológicos que levam a formação da litíase biliar em pacientes submetidos a transplante de órgãos. MÉTODOS: Revisão da literatura abrangendo 29 publicações obtidas das bases Medline/Pubmed, Scielo e Lilacs com cruzamento dos unitermos "transplante, transplante renal, transplante hepático, cálculo biliar, colecistite.". Vários estudos que utilizaram a ultrassonografia demonstraram aumento na prevalência da litíase biliar em pacientes submetidos a transplante de órgãos. A taxa de formação de cálculos novos após o transplante variou de 10 a 55% e a total (cálculos formados antes e após o transplante) de 17 a 68%. Tanto o ganho como a perda de peso rápida, que podem ocorrer após o transplante, predispõem à formação de cálculos biliares. O uso do imunossupressor ciclosporina é considerado como o principal fator que aumenta a incidência de litíase biliar após o transplante. CONCLUSÃO: A prevalência de litíase biliar é maior nos pacientes submetidos a transplante de órgãos do que na população geral. As principais alterações que ocorrem no paciente transplantado que predispõem a formação dos cálculos são as alterações do peso corporal, uso de imunossupressores, diabete melito e hiperlipidemia.

INTRODUCTION: The objective of the present study is to review the prevalence and the main physiopathologic mechanisms that result in gallstone formation in transplant patients. METHODS: Literature review with 29 papers included in Medline/Pubmed, Scielo and Lilacs database, crossing key-words "transplantation; kidney transplantation; liver transplantation; gallstone; cholecystitis". Several ultrasonographic studies have demonstrated an increase in gallstone prevalence in transplant patients. The formation rate of new stones after transplantation varied from 10 to 55% and the rate of total stones (stone formed before and after transplantation) varied from 17 to 68%. Both weight gain and rapid weight loss that may occur after transplantation predispose to gallstone formation. Cyclosporine is considered the most important factor in the development of gallstone after transplantation. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of gallstones is higher in transplant patients. The main risk factors are change in body weight, use of immunosuppressors, diabetes mellitus, and hiperlipidemia.

[Hepatitis C recurrence after living donor and cadaveric liver transplantation]. / Recurrência da Hepatite C após transplante hepático de doador vivo e falecido.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the recurrence of hepatitis C in patients subjected to living donor liver transplantation compared to those subjected to cadaveric liver transplantation. METHODS: Of a total of 333 liver transplantations, 279 (83.8%) were cadaveric liver transplantation and 54 (16.2%) living donor liver transplantation. Hepatic cirrhosis due to hepatitis C virus was the most common indication of both cadaveric liver transplantation (82 patients) and living donor liver transplantation (19 patients). The electronic study protocols of all patients with hepatic cirrhosis due to hepatitis C virus were reviewed. All data, including patients' age and sex, laboratory tests, hepatitis C virus recurrence and acute rejection were evaluated statistically. RESULTS: A total of 55 cadaveric liver transplantation and 10 living donor liver transplantation performed in patients with liver cirrhosis due to hepatitis C virus was included in the study. Clinical and laboratory characteristics of the two groups before the transplantation were similar, except for the prothrombin time that was higher for the cadaveric liver transplantation than the living donor liver transplantation (P = 0.04). Hepatitis C virus recurrence was similar in the cadaveric liver transplantation (n = 37; 69.3%) and living donor liver transplantation (n = 7; 70%) groups (P = 0.8). The incidence of acute rejection was similar in cadaveric liver transplantation (n = 27; 49%) and living donor liver transplantation (n = 2; 20%) groups (P = 0.08). Hepatitis C virus recurrence in patients of the cadaveric liver transplantation group who received bolus doses of corticosteroids (9 of 11 patients) was similar to the remained patients (28 of 44 patients) (P = 0.25). Recurrence was also similar in patients of the living donor liver transplantation group who received bolus doses of corticosteroids (one of one patient) in relation to those who did not receive them (six of nine patients) (P = 0.7). CONCLUSION: Hepatitis C recurrence is similar in patients who underwent living donor liver transplantation or cadaveric liver transplantation.

Recurrência da hepatite C após transplante hepático de doador vivo e falecido / Hepatitis C recurrence after living donor and cadaveric liver transplantation

OBJETIVO: Determinar a recurrência da hepatite C em pacientes submetidos a transplante hepático de doador vivo comparados com os submetidos a transplante hepático de doador falecido. MÉTODOS: Do total de 333 transplantes hepáticos, 279 (83,8 por cento) eram de doador falecido e 54 (16,2 por cento) de doador vivo. Hepatopatia crônica pelo vírus da hepatite C foi a indicação mais comum tanto de transplante hepático de doador falecido (82 pacientes) como de doador vivo (19 pacientes). O protocolo de estudo eletrônico de todos pacientes com hepatopatia crônica pelo vírus da hepatite C foi avaliado. Os dados coletados foram analisados estatisticamente conforme a idade, sexo, resultado dos exames laboratoriais, recidiva do vírus da hepatite C e rejeição aguda. RESULTADOS: O total de 55 transplantes hepáticos de doador falecido e 10 de doador vivo realizados em pacientes com cirrose hepática pelo vírus da hepatite C, foi incluído no estudo. As características clínicas e laboratoriais pré-transplante dos dois grupos foram similares, exceto o tempo de atividade de protrombina que foi maior no grupo de transplante hepático de doador falecido do que no de doador vivo (P = 0,04). A recidiva da hepatite C foi similar nos grupos de transplante hepático de doador falecido (n = 37; 69,3 por cento) e de doador vivo (n = 7; 70 por cento) (P = 0,8). A incidência de rejeição aguda foi igual no grupo de transplante hepático de doador falecido (n = 27; 49 por cento) e no grupo de doador vivo (n = 2; 20 por cento) (P = 0,08). A recurrência do vírus da hepatite C nos pacientes do grupo de transplante hepático de doador falecido que receberam pulsoterapia (9 de 11 pacientes) foi similar aos demais pacientes (28 de 44 pacientes) (P = 0,25). A recurrência também foi similar nos pacientes do grupo de transplante hepático de doador vivo que receberam pulsoterapia (1 de 1 paciente) em relação aos que não receberam (6 de 9 pacientes) (P = 0,7). CONCLUSÕES: A recurrência...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the recurrence of hepatitis C in patients subjected to living donor liver transplantation compared to those subjected to cadaveric liver transplantation. METHODS: Of a total of 333 liver transplantations, 279 (83.8 percent) were cadaveric liver transplantation and 54 (16.2 percent) living donor liver transplantation. Hepatic cirrhosis due to hepatitis C virus was the most common indication of both cadaveric liver transplantation (82 patients) and living donor liver transplantation (19 patients). The electronic study protocols of all patients with hepatic cirrhosis due to hepatitis C virus were reviewed. All data, including patients' age and sex, laboratory tests, hepatitis C virus recurrence and acute rejection were evaluated statistically. RESULTS: A total of 55 cadaveric liver transplantation and 10 living donor liver transplantation performed in patients with liver cirrhosis due to hepatitis C virus was included in the study. Clinical and laboratory characteristics of the two groups before the transplantation were similar, except for the prothrombin time that was higher for the cadaveric liver transplantation than the living donor liver transplantation (P = 0.04). Hepatitis C virus recurrence was similar in the cadaveric liver transplantation (n = 37; 69.3 percent) and living donor liver transplantation (n = 7; 70 percent) groups (P = 0.8). The incidence of acute rejection was similar in cadaveric liver transplantation (n = 27; 49 percent) and living donor liver transplantation (n = 2; 20 percent) groups (P = 0.08). Hepatitis C virus recurrence in patients of the cadaveric liver transplantation group who received bolus doses of corticosteroids (9 of 11 patients) was similar to the remained patients (28 of 44 patients) (P = 0.25). Recurrence was also similar in patients of the living donor liver transplantation group who received bolus doses of corticosteroids (one of one patient) in relation to those who did...

[Local therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma as a bridge to liver transplantation]. / Tratamento local do carcinoma hepatocelular como ponte para o transplante hepático.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the results of pre-operative local therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients who were subjected to liver transplantation. METHODS: Cadaveric and living-related liver transplants done in cirrotic patients with hepatocellular carcinoma within the Milan criteria were included. The nodules were analyzed according to its number and diameter before and after the institution of the local therapy and on the explant evaluation. RESULTS: 22 patients with 31 nodules that measured 28.8+/-12 mm in diameter were included. They were subjected to 21 sessions of percutaneous ethanol injection and 29 sessions of transarterial chemoembolization. After the local therapy, 29 nodules that measured 24.6+/-12 mm in diameter were detected. All of them were within the Milan criteria and there was no difference compared to the diameter before the treatment. The patients were subjected to 17 cadaveric and 5 living-related liver transplantations. In six cases the tumors exceeded the Milan criteria on the explant evaluation: 4 due to its number and 2 due to its diameter. Sixteen cases were within the criteria and there were 14 neoplastic nodules with 30+/-14 mm in diameter. In these cases no difference was observed compared to the diameter before and after the local therapy. CONCLUSION: Local therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma with percutaneous ethanol injection and transarterial chemoembolization partially controlled tumor evolution considering the Milan criteria in patients waiting for liver transplantation. Significant differences were observed in terms of the Milan criteria on pre-operative examination compared to the explant evaluation.